The State of Israel

The State of Israel (Arabic: Davlat Israilov, Hebrew: Medinat Yisrael) is located in south-western Asia, eastern Mediterranean. The boundary of the State of Israel with Lebanon goes to the north, Israel and Syriabordered on the north-east border with Jordan is in the east, and Egypt - on the south-west. The western border is washed by the Mediterranean Sea, the eastern - the Dead Sea. As an independent state, Israel was founded on the territory of 14.05.1948, which was controlled by the Palestinians.City of Tel Aviv is the recognized capital of Israel.

Israel - a relatively small country, moreover, the country's land borders often changed from the moment when independence was declared.The first version of the location of these boundaries was adopted by the UN November 29, 1947, which abolished the right of the British mandate in Palestine.Also, the resolution provided for the establishment of two sovereign states of Arab and Jewish, with Jerusalem's international status has been saved.

The territory of the StateIsrael

According to the resolution of UN General Assembly resolution, which was divided Palestine, in 1947-48 totaled 14,000 km square.At the end of the Arab-Israeli conflict, 48-49 years of the twentieth century, and subsequently concluded a truce with each of the neighboring countries (Syria and Lebanon, Egypt, Transjordan), the boundaries of the State of Israel have changed, though not recognized by any state.However, these boundaries are preserved until the Six Day War (Arab-Israeli), 1967. Until the Six Day War, Israel's area was about 20 700 square meters. km, with a length from north to south was about 470 km and from west to east - 135 km.

During the fighting during the Six Day War, Israelcaptured the Sinai Peninsula (61 square kilometers) and the Gaza Strip (378 square km). In addition, it was invaded and occupied East Jerusalem (70 sq. km.) West Bank (5879 sq. km.), And in Syria - the Golan Heights (about 1250 sq. km.). Thus, Israel has added to its territory of more than 69 859 square meters. km.Yom Kippur War, which took place in 1973, Israel has allowed more time to change the border on the Golan Heights and the Sinai Peninsula in his favor, but in 1974, Israel had to return to Syria of the Golan Heights, including the town of Quneitra, and Egypt - a small area east of Suez Canal.Terms of a peace treaty in 1979 provided for the withdrawal of troops from the Sinai Peninsula, which Israel did in May 1982. Also restored the border with Egypt. However, in 1981, the State of Israelannounced its accession to the East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights (about 1179 sq. km.). Such Israeli actions were condemned both the UN and most countries in the world. In 1994, Israel handed over all the territory of Jordan, an area of 381 sq. km.That were captured at different times, and the border between Jordan was held at the Jordan River. Also, in May 2000, Israeli forces were unilaterally withdrawn from Lebanon, and in 2005 the troops were withdrawn from the West Bank, as well as from the Gaza Strip.

Nevertheless, today's borders of Israel are not recognized by the international community. In 2005, the area of ​​Israel in view of the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem was 21,900 square meters. km, and with the Gaza Strip and West Bank. Jordan - 27 800 sq. km. km.The Palestinian Authority controls only 60 percent of the Gaza Strip and 25 percent of the West Bank. Are ongoing negotiations with the Palestinians and Syria on the return of territories seized in the Six Day War. In addition, in the joint declaration adopted in 1993 by the StateIsrael and the Palestine Liberation Organization, as well as during subsequent negotiations, considerable attention was paid to the legal status of Gaza and Jericho city (Ariha), which is located on the West Bank.Some agreements were reached in September 1994, which would increase the rights of Palestinian self-rule in some cities in the area of ​​the West Bank and the withdrawal of Israeli armed forces to the region.

As for Jerusalem, his status as yet and is not defined, although in 1947 the UN decision he was given the status of an independent administrative unit, but in 1950 the Israeli authorities declared it the capital of the state, but this fact has not yet been recognized by many countries .In addition, East Jerusalem after the Six Day War, the legislation included in the city of Jerusalem and in 1980 the parliament of Israel took the decision, stating that Jerusalem is the eternal and indivisible capital of the state.Most states and the UN Security Council did not accept this decision, because, believe it illegal, and offer to determine the status of the joint Palestinian-Israeli negotiations.

Demographics of the StateIsrael

As of 1948, that is, on the date of declaration of independence of Israel, its population was 806 thousand people., Of which 650 thousand people. Were Jews, and 156 thousand people. were of other nationalities. As of March 2006, the population of Israel was already 7.006 million people.Among the total population 76 per cent (5 million 322 thousand) are Jewish, 19.7% (1.38 million) - the Arabs, and 4.3% (298 thousand). - Persons of other nationalities. 0.4% are Christians, who mainly arrived for permanent residence in Israel from the Soviet Union, and 3.9% (274.7 thousand) - People who have settled in Israel, according to the "Law of Return," without defining their religious status.

To the people of Israel and residents include illegally annexed in 1981, the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem, as well as Jewish settlers, who formed a colony in East Jerusalem - 177 thousand people, on the banks of the Jordan River - 253 700 people in Gaza Strip - more than 9600 people, and Mr.and the Golan Heights - about 20 thousand people. Also, in the State of Israel is home to about 190 thousand people who are citizens of other countries and live in Israel as temporary residents.

Statistical Office of the Palestinian Authority said that the territories are occupied during the Six Day War in Gaza 1.4 million Arabs living in East Jerusalem - 220 thousand. Thus, the Israeli-occupied territories lived 3.8 millionArabs, although according to other reports (2005) in the Palestinian population not more than 2.4 million persons of Arab origin.

Rapid population growth the state of Israel due to the high birth rate and influx of immigrants from other countries, especially in the first three years after independence.The biggest jump in population to the period from 1990 to 1995. At this time, Israel's population grew by 3.5% (1458 thousand)., And from 1996 to 2000 it grew by 2.6% (757 thousand).. In this case, the natural population growth has averaged about 1.2% per year, while growth at the expense of immigrants - 0.8%.So in 1997, for permanent residence in the State of Israel came to 67.190 thousand people, of whom 80.9% were immigrants from the Soviet Union. Trends in population growth still remain, although the pace is getting smaller and smaller, so the 2001 increase was 2.1% in 2006 - 1.18.This is due to reduction in the number of emigrants, and with a decrease in fertility.

With regard to non-Jewish and Jewish population, their demographic characteristics differ significantly. Thus, the Jewish population, mostly due to rising immigration, and Arabic - due to an increase in fertility.Thus, in the period from 1983 to 1989, population growth Muslim at 3.2% annually in 1990-1995 - 3.7%, but then the rate declined slightly in 1996-2001 was 3.6% in 2002 - 3.4%, and in 2005 - 2.6%. In light of these factors on the background of decreasing immigration flows percent of the Jewish population of Israeldeclined from 81.8 percent in 1990 to a level 76.2 per cent - in 2005 while the proportion of people of Arab ethnicity has increased to 19.6% and other nationalities 4.2%.

It is projected that if these trends continue, by 2025 the percentage of Jewish population will drop to 70%, while the share of the Arab population will increase to 25%.It is expected that by this time the population will increase to 9.3 million. of which 6.5 million are Jews and 2.3 million people - the Arabs.

Ratio of male and female population in the State of Israel in basically the same, although women are somewhat more.Meanwhile, in different ethnic and age groups is the ratio between the sexes may have a greater imbalance. For example, among the Druze and Arab communities, the number of men more than women and this applies to all age groups.The Jews and Arabs as the Christian religion is exactly the opposite situation, where from the age of 35 years, the predominance of male over female population appears more and more.

The average measure of the number of children who gave birth to a woman who is stable, although there is a downward trend especially among the Muslim population. Thus, the rate in 1980-1984 was 3.13, and in 2004 dropped to 2.5.According to the statistics for every 100 families of Jewish origin have 222 children and 100 Arab - 308 children, with a tendency to reduce the number of large families.

In the age ratio in 2005, the proportion of the population aged 15 years was 26.5 percent, the age group 15 to 64 years - 63.7 percent, and the person who has attained more than 64 years - 9.8 percent. For the settlement of Samaria and Judea preponderance of the population younger age group.Life expectancy in Israel as of 2006 on average for the Jewish population of 81.7 years for women and 77.33 for men in the Arab - 77.8 and 74.5, respectively.

The composition of ethnic groups

The Jews of Israel.Despite the fact that the Jews had long lived in the territory, which is now located at the State of Israel, until the 19th century the number of their community was relatively small. Since the 19th century began the immigration process, which resulted in a large number of Jews from Europe started to go to Palestine.Such migration is called "Aliyah", which can be translated as the outcome. In the course of a long immigration of Jews in Palestine, their numbers increased significantly, mainly due to immigrants from Germany, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Russia and Poland.This led to the fact that at the time of recognition of Israel's independence, the number of Jewish immigrants constituted 85-90% of the total Jewish population of the new state.

In the early 20th century migration increased.This led to the authorities in Britain, which controlled the territory of Palestine, began to inhibit these processes.Even some time after the end of the Second World War for a time maintained the restriction on the resettlement of Jews, which was filmed just after the independence of the State of Israel. As a result, from May 48, 1951 in Israel moved to 687.7 thousand people.Many of the Jewish community (Syrian, Polish, Bulgarian and Libyan) moved to Israel in fact the full.

From 1948 to the flow of immigrants from Europe were added flows of immigrants from North Africa and the Middle East. About 49 thousand Jews in the early 50s were delivered to Israelplanes from Yemen, and 123 thousand - from Iraq. "Ali Baba" and "Magic Carpet" - such were the names of these large-scale operations. The Suez crisis of 1956 provoked the immigration of more than 25 thousand Jews from Egypt, and about 67 thousand from Morocco and other North African countries.Immigration of Jews from Morocco in the period 1956-1961 lasted, although it was an official ban of the authorities to emigrate to Israel. After the '61 ban was lifted, and before 1964 to Israel from Morocco immigrated another 100.3 yew. people.

At the end of the Six-Day War, resumed the flow of immigrants from Western Europe, America and the Soviet Union.About 100 thousand people arrived from the Soviet Union from 1967 to 1974, which amounted to little more than half of all immigrants in this period (261 thousand). In late 1984, was conducted "Operation Moses" in which 8000 Jews from Ethiopia were delivered by air to Israel.This was followed by "Operation Sheba," and finally, in May 1991 during "Operation Solomon" was removed from Ethiopia for another 15 thousand people. In 1989 he was lifted restrictions on emigration to Israel from the Soviet Union for 10 years and arrived in Israel more than 900 thousand people.

Now Israel is dominated by the number of Ashkenazim, that is, immigrants from Europe, America and Australia, which account for more than half of the population. The largest community of Ashkenazim - it's the community of immigrants from the former Soviet Union (1.1 million), Romania and Poland (about 250 thousand people in each community).

Indigenous people of Israel called Sabra, which translated means - the fruit of a cactus. In late 1998, the second-generation sabra accounted for about 20.8% of the total population of Israel (1 million 200 thousand). Still, Israel's population is conventionally divided into those who immigrated to 14.05.1948 (vatikim), born in Israel (tsabarim) and new immigrants in the first generation (Olim). At the beginning of 2005, the country's 3.61 million residents were born, and outside of the state 1.94 million people, including immigrants from the former Soviet Union (more than 950 000), Poland (64 000), Romania (110 thousand .), The U.S. and Canada (77 000), Algeria and Tunisia (42 300), Iran (51,600), Morocco (157 000), Iraq (76 800), Ethiopia (70 000), Yemen ( 37 000) and some other countries (340 500).

In Israelhome to two major groups - Sephardim (natives of the East, North Africa and Southern Europe) and Ashkenazi (born in South Africa, the Europeans countries, Australia and America). To date, the dominant part of the Israeli populationare the Ashkenazim, which constitute more than fifty percent of the total number of Israelis who are not natives of Israel in the second generation. In Israel, the largest number of Ashkenazi community - is born in Russia and other former Soviet countries (1.1 million), Romania and Poland (250 thousandpeople in each country). Sabra (translated as "the fruit of a cactus") - are indigenous inhabitants of Israel. In late 1998, the second-generation sabra totaled 20.8% of the population of Israel, as it is about 1,200 million inhabitants. Moreover, all of Israel's population is divided into conditional groups vatikim - those who moved toIsrael for permanent residence until 14 May 1948; olim - new citizens in the first generation tsabarim - people who were born in Israel. According to statistics, at the beginning of 2005, Israel was born 65% of (3.61 million) were born outside the country 35% of people (1.94 million) of which came from former Soviet countries - over 950 thousandFrom Romania - 110 thousand people of Iraq - 76.8 thousand people, from Morocco - 157 thousand people from Yemen - 37 thousand people from Canada and the U.S. - 77 thousand people from Poland - 64 thousand people from Ethiopia and Iraq - to 70 thousand people from Tunisia and Algeria - 42.3 thousand people from other countries - 340 500 people.

Israel and the Arabs.

Israeli Arabs - is basically the Arabs and their descendants, who have not left Israel after the war, 1948-1949. At the end of 1948 the number of people of the Arab population was approximately 156 thousand people in 1998 have already exceeded 1 million. At the beginning of 2005 in Israelpopulation of 1, 350 million Arabs, which is 19.6% of the population, of which the Bedouins are 150 thousand people. The Arab population of Israel is largely Muslim (Sunni, in 1998 there were 843 thousand people, which equals 75% of all non-Jewish population) and Druze (in 2005 there were over 120 thousand people). Two-thirds of all ArabsIsrael lived in the Galilee, Haifa and its surroundings, and the rest live in the central areas of the country under the name "Small Triangle". About 30 tribes unite Bedouin Arabs (in 2005 - 150 thousand people, which is equivalent to 10% of the Arab population), such as tiaha, Tarabin, azazma.Bedouin Arabs live in areas of Galilee, in the Judean Desert and the Negev. Keeping traditions, many of them still continue to lead a nomadic life. Muslim friends of Israel belong to the self-governing sect that broke away from the Shiite flow (Ismaili) in the early 11th century. In 1957, Israeli authoritiesofficially recognized this as an independent sect of ethnic and religious communities with their government and the courts. Most Druze live in Syria and Lebanon, and 114 thousand (2005) Israel's Druze villages are located in the mountains of the Upper Galilee and the Caramel.This separate and closely knit population of Israel has played an important and special role in society. Their secret and complex religious ceremonies are held in absolute secrecy. In 1956, all friends, excepting only those friends who live on the Golan Heights of mountains, refused to accept Israeli citizenship, Decided on the implementation of conscription, fighting since all of the Arab-Israeli wars on Israel's side.

Principles of population distribution.

In 1948, the population density was 43.1 people of Israel on one square kilometer, and already at the end of 2005 - 302 persons.More densely populated area around Waterside Tel Aviv (population density of approximately 6790 people) and Jerusalem (population density - 1200 people). A completely different picture is observed in the southern and central Israel on the Golan HeightsThe population density is 31 people, and in the Negev Desert - 40 people.

In the cities of the central region of Israel, in the south, near Jaffa, Tel Aviv and Jerusalem's Jewish population predominates. In the northern Galilee region have a high proportion of the Arab population.Major cities that are inhabited mainly by Arabs - Umm al-Fahm (2003 - 40 thousand) and Nazareth (2003 - 71,2 thousand people).

Languages ​​of Israel .

The official languages ​​of Israel are modern Hebrew and Arabic.Schooling is conducted in Hebrew, which is also the primary means of communication of the local population. However, in Arab towns in Israel's schooling is conducted in Arabic. Schoolchildren in Israel as taught in the school based on the Arabic language. In everyday life to communicate 910 thousandpeople use the dialect of the South Levant, and 250 thousand people use the Judeo-Moroccan Arabic.

Immigrants who arrived in Israel, prefer to communicate in their native language. The most common in Israel among immigrants are Russian (750 thousandman, 1999), Romanian (250 thousand persons in 1993), Polish (100 thousand persons in 1992) and English (100 thousand, 1993).

Among the older generation of Ashkenazi Jews often use to talk Yiddish, which was formed in 10-12 centuries.Ladino language (dzhudezmo, Judeo-Spanish, Spagnolo), which is akin to the modern Spanish, get the status of literary language in Israel. It's the language spoken mainly Sephardim - about 100 thousand people. Natives of Asia and Africa in the home use of Bukharian Jewish language (50 thousandman, 1995), a Persian-Jewish language or dzhida (60 thousand persons in 1995), Judeo-Georgian (59.8 thousand, 2000), Amharic (40 thousand persons in 1994) and other.

Religious trends.

76, 8% of Israeli citizensprofess Judaism, their number included atheists and all the people who do not belong to a particular faith (by some estimates they comprise about 25% of the total Israeli population). According to new statistics, more than half the Jews are supporters of the secular tradition. Among these JewsIsrael is 53% of the population who acknowledge that they believe in God, the faithful one-third consider themselves "traditionalists", but not in all respects comply with the religious canon, and about 6% of Israeli Jews are ultra-Orthodox (Haredi) and 9% identified themselves as other orthodox currents .

In Israelalso operate two major sects of Judaism: Karaites (from 15 to 25 thousand people) and Samaritans (640).

The Muslim population of Israel is represented by the Sunnis, who are mainly concentrated in the cities of northern and southern parts of the country (Bedouins).Shiite religious direction is represented by Druze and Baha'i religious caste, their central headquarters and the Tomb of Behaulla - founder of the sect - is located in Israel. On the border with Lebanon in the village Rajaram 1500 Alawite population, who are followers of the doctrine to close in the Shia sect,but contains in itself the elements of Christianity.

Israeli Christians are concentrated mostly in the urban populations of Arabs. In 2003 the Christian population of Israel, approximately 2.1% of the total population and 9.1% of the non-Jewish population.The number of non-Arab Christians has 27 100 people 145 100. The largest church - the Greek Catholic, in which 46 thousand followers, with 6 thousand Maronite, Roman Catholic, with 25 thousand followers. These churches united around two-thirds of all Christians in Israel. Orthodox Christians are represented inIsrael Greek Orthodox Church, Patriarch of Jerusalem is headed. Functioning as the spiritual mission of the American, Russian and Romanian Orthodox churches. In Israel, for nearly a Protestant is not represented. Approximately two thousandArab people are followers of the Protestant Episcopal Church, a thousand people - Arab Lutheran Church. Among the Armenian population in Israel is dominated by followers of the relatively large Armenian Apostolic Church, of which about 1500 people.

The Israeli armed forces.

The army of Israel was founded in 1948. The army is quite powerful and well-trained military force. In Israeldefense spent a significant proportion of the state budget that goes to purchase the latest weapons to be purchased abroad or produced by local defense industry. In 1950-1966, the costs of Israel's armed force constituted about 9% of GDP. After the war, military spending in 1967Israel began to grow very rapidly, rising to 46.3% in 1973. In 1996, expenditures amounted to 10.6% of GDP. Increase defense spending would not be possible without financial support from the U.S., which is the principal military ally of Israel in the Middle East. Each year, the U.S. provides Israelmilitary assistance (grant) of up to $ 2 billion.

The main body of the military leadership of Israel - a government commission headed by the Prime Minister, which actually is the chief commander of the armed forces throughout the country. Defense Minister directs the Army.Land, naval and air forces operate under the guidance of the General Staff, headed by the chief is the rank of lieutenant general. Principal chief of staff, who is also commander of the Army, the Government shall be appointed for three years.

In 2003, the armed forces of Israel were about 167.6 thousand, of which there were 138 500 inductees. 430 thousand people are in stock. In Israel, the call shall be subject to all men from 17 to 25 years and women 18 to 26 years, serving in the army on a par with men in all military branches.Recruits who have not completed 10 years of school, fail to attend courses, and those who have not completed a full course of 12-year-old high school is able to complete their education while serving in the army. The Government welcomes the training of staff officers at universities in Israel.Permission is granted exemption from military service on religious and or other reasons. With regard to military service, national minorities, are mandatory only Druze and Circassians, and the Arab recruits can be enlisted only volunteers.Men serve in the army for three years, while women are not married - 21 months. After the service of every soldier was transferred to reserve and credited to a specific unit. If there was a relatively small number of conscripts, the armed forces of Israelrely on reservists who regularly take refresher courses. In the event of war, the soldiers form the basis of the Israeli armed forces.At the age of 50 years, men have to serve 30 to 45 days throughout the year, but in an emergency service life is increased to 60 days in a year or more.

Approximately 125 thousand people, including 114,700 conscripts, the army troops are in Israel.An integral part of these troops are separate artillery divisions, mechanized and armored units, of communication and other units. The bulk of arms of Israel and the military-technical equipment produced domestically.For example, from the whole tank fleet, which has over 3950 units, based around the tanks, "Merkava", of which there are 1790 units. These tanks are gradually replace the long outdated equipment. Among the weapons the Israeli armed forces are also infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers, which are about 7.7 thousandunits, anti-tank guided missiles, which are about 1.2 thousand units, air defense systems, with about 2500 units, and other elements of the defense. Not the least attention in the development of Israel Air Force, which has about 36 thousand people.Israeli air forces have at their disposal 709 combat aircraft and 173 helicopters. Moreover, the Israeli Air Force has 100 aircraft and other types of modifications - education, intelligence, military transport and others. In 2008, the Israeli Air Force received another 102 American fighter F-16i.As part of improving armed forces of Israel called the "Army 2010" completed the formation of an integrated missile defense system is also planned to form on its basis a new type of troops. Israeli naval forces at their disposal have 6500 people, 40 and 56 auxiliary warships.

According to some reports, Israel has at its disposal, in addition to standard weapons, has a substantial arsenal of nuclear weapons, to develop the country which began with the 1950s. However, the Israeli government does not officially confirm the existence of nuclear weapons in the country, but it does not deny this fact.According to some estimates, to date, Israel has the potential to hold 80 to 200 charges of weapons of mass destruction.Deliver these heads are capable combat aircraft - F-4E and A-4N, ballistic missiles, an operating range of up to 1,300 miles - a rocket, "Lance," "Jericho-2", "Jericho-1", and some submarines - "Dolphin" and "Tecúm" who are armed with missiles with a range of 8,000 miles. In 2005, Israel's defense spendingamounted to 9.45 billion U.S. dollars, equivalent to about 7.7% of GDP in Israel.

Tourist area.

In spite of the fact that the military situation in the Middle East almost never is not very stable, tourism in Israel is the most promising anddynamically developing sectors of the economy. And it's not casual, because in Israel there are ample opportunities for tourism development, which includes not only the presence of various historical, cultural and religious monuments, as well as mild, favorable natural conditions.Very popular among foreign tourists are the beaches on the Mediterranean and Red seas, areas of Lake Tiberias and the Dead Sea, known for its healing springs.

In 2000, visited Israel as tourists in 2672 thousandpeople, of whom 59% - visitors from Western Europe, 20% of tourists from North America, 11% - from Eastern Europe. The sharp drop in the influx of tourists was recorded after September 2000, when the tensions with the Palestinians. In 2000, Israelvisited all 861 800 tourists, this figure was the lowest in 20 years. Cash receipts from the tourism sector declined in 1999 from 3.05 billion to $ 1.2 billion in 2002. In 2003, revenues rose to 2.039 billion dollars.

Recently in Israeltended to increase the share of tourism sector in the Israeli economy, which generates about 3-4% of GDP.

Transport infrastructure.

In Israel created well developed transport sectorand communication system that is constantly being upgraded to meet the high demands of a growing population, problems of defense, the tourism industry.

The primary means of movement of the population in Israel - a car. The total length of highways in 2002 was 16 903 km.Fleet of trucks was approximately 282 900 cars, cars - 1 298 000 estimated number of buses in 1998 amounted to 14.9 thousand units. Daily bus lines carry more than one million passengers.The main highway roads are laid from north to south along the coast, the main highway connecting Tel Aviv with Jerusalem.

Israel Railways, the extent of which in 2003 was 640 km belong to the state.They are the link between the Negev, Gaza, Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Haifa and the northern region of the country. After the 1948 war, the main railway of the country of Syria, Egypt and Lebanon has been undermined, and to date has not been restored. Today, the rail system of Israelconstantly being improved. In October 2004, started working the north-east line, which connects Tel Aviv airport with them. Ben-Gurion. So far, construction of this line to Modi'in in the city of Jerusalem. Israel Railways in 2004 carried more than 8 million tons of cargo and more than 23 millionpassengers, these figures are six times higher than those 10 years ago.

Airport Ben Gurion in Lod Airport and Eilat implement the main international passenger traffic. Two more small airport near Tel Aviv and Jerusalem shall transport on domestic flights.The largest airline of Israel is called "El Al", but in recent years and growing importance of other airlines, such as "Arkia Airlines Yisraeli" and "Israeyr."

The main sea ports of Israel - Ashdod, Haifa, Ashkelon, Eilat.In 2005 the navy had at its disposal 65 vessels, including 48 ships that sailed under foreign flags. The total tonnage was 752,800 tons. Home Maritime Company Shipping of Israel - CIM, which specializes in the transportation of goods.